What Are the Main Characteristics of Cardiac Arrest

Loss of Consciousness

The first and most noticeable sign is a sudden loss of consciousness. To check this, gently shake the person's shoulders and call out to them. If there is no response—no movement, no eye opening, or no verbal reply—it may indicate that the heart has stopped beating.

Absence of Pulse

The second critical sign is the absence of a pulse. The best way to check this is by feeling the carotid artery in the neck. Locate the Adam's apple, then slide your index and middle fingers 2–3 centimeters to the side and slightly downward. Gently press to feel for a pulse. If no pulse is detected within 10 seconds, it may confirm cardiac arrest.

Stopped Breathing

The third vital sign is the cessation of breathing. Place your ear near the person's mouth and nose to listen and feel for airflow. At the same time, observe whether the chest rises and falls. If there is no breathing or only occasional gasping, it could indicate that the heart has stopped.

Immediate Action is Crucial

It's essential to complete the above checks within 10 seconds. If cardiac arrest is confirmed, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be initiated. Quick response significantly increases the chances of survival and improves the patient's overall outcome.