How to Diagnose Gastric Ulcers

Gastric ulcers can be effectively diagnosed through several medical procedures and tests. Understanding the right diagnostic methods is crucial for identifying the severity and nature of the ulcer, as well as ruling out more serious conditions such as gastric cancer.

Barium Meal Test

Although less commonly used today due to the availability of more advanced techniques, the barium meal test can still provide useful insights. During this test, a patient drinks a barium solution that coats the stomach lining, making ulcers visible on X-rays. A benign ulcer typically appears as an ulcer crater outside the stomach outline with radiating mucosal folds converging toward the lesion. In contrast, malignant ulcers may show irregular filling defects, raising suspicion for cancer.

Endoscopic Examination

Endoscopy remains one of the most accurate ways to diagnose gastric ulcers. A flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the stomach, allowing doctors to directly visualize the ulcer's size, location, and appearance. If there's any concern about malignancy, a biopsy can be taken during the procedure. This enables pathologists to examine the tissue under a microscope and confirm whether the ulcer is benign or cancerous.

Laboratory Tests

In addition to imaging techniques, laboratory tests play a supportive role in diagnosis. Blood tests can reveal changes in hemoglobin levels, which might indicate internal bleeding caused by an ulcer. Stool tests are also commonly performed to detect occult blood, which can suggest gastrointestinal bleeding associated with ulcers. Changes in stool color, such as black tarry stools, are often signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Early and accurate diagnosis of gastric ulcers is essential for effective treatment planning and preventing complications. Patients experiencing persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or signs of bleeding should consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.