Emergency Response to Cardiac Arrest

When a person experiences sudden cardiac arrest, immediate and effective emergency measures can significantly increase their chances of survival. Here is a step-by-step guide to properly respond to such a critical situation.

Step 1: Ensure Safety and Assess Consciousness

Before approaching the individual, ensure the environment is safe to prevent further harm. Once confirmed, gently tap the person's shoulders and shout to check for responsiveness. This initial assessment helps determine whether the person is conscious or not.

Step 2: Check for Breathing and Pulse

If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, act quickly. Within 10 seconds, check for signs of breathing and pulse. If you're unsure, ask a trained professional to feel for the carotid pulse while observing chest movement. At this point, it's crucial to call emergency services and retrieve an AED (Automated External Defibrillator), which is often available in places like airports or large shopping centers. If an AED is not accessible, proceed with CPR immediately.

Step 3: Deliver Chest Compressions

If the person is not breathing and has no pulse, start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Begin with a closed fist and deliver 1–2 quick thrusts to the center of the chest, known as precordial thumps. If there is still no response, continue with chest compressions. Place your hands on the lower half of the sternum and press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Perform 30 compressions continuously.

Step 4: Provide Rescue Breaths and Continue CPR

After completing 30 compressions, open the airway using the head-tilt chin-lift technique. Give two rescue breaths, each lasting more than one second, and watch for chest rise. Return to chest compressions and continue the 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. Repeat this cycle for five full rounds or until the AED arrives.

Use the AED as Soon as Possible

Once the AED is available, apply the pads and follow the device's instructions for rhythm analysis and defibrillation. Continue CPR after the shock is delivered until the person regains a pulse or professional medical help takes over.

Final Considerations

Time is of the essence during cardiac arrest. Performing CPR correctly and using an AED promptly can make a life-saving difference. Always stay with the person until emergency responders arrive and take control of the situation.