How to Perform CPR on Children

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for children follows a similar process to that of adults. If an infant or child becomes unresponsive or stops breathing, it's crucial to begin CPR immediately. If there is no pulse or the pulse is below 60 beats per minute with signs of poor blood circulation, chest compressions should be initiated without delay.

Chest Compressions for Infants Under One Year

For infants under 12 months old, chest compressions can be performed using two fingers—typically the index and middle finger—applied to the center of the sternum. Alternatively, a two-thumb encircling hands technique can be used, where the rescuer wraps their hands around the infant's chest and uses both thumbs to apply pressure. This method helps provide more effective compressions and better blood flow.

Performing CPR on Younger Children

When performing CPR on a young child, place them on a firm surface such as a bed or table. The rescuer should use the heel of one hand to compress the lower half of the breastbone. The compression depth should be approximately 5 cm (about 2 inches), and the rate should be maintained between 100 to 120 compressions per minute. This ensures adequate circulation while minimizing the risk of injury.

CPR for Older Children and Adolescents

For older children and teenagers, the CPR technique is nearly identical to that used for adults. Compressions should be delivered at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, with a depth of 5 to 6 centimeters. However, the ratio of compressions to rescue breaths varies depending on the number of rescuers involved. In a two-rescuer scenario, the recommended ratio is 15 compressions to 2 breaths. For a single rescuer, the standard ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Key Considerations

Early intervention is vital in increasing the chances of survival. It's also important to ensure high-quality CPR, including allowing full chest recoil after each compression and minimizing interruptions. Proper training and practice can significantly improve outcomes in emergency situations involving children.