CPR Complications And How To Minimize Risks

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving emergency procedure that can significantly increase survival rates during cardiac arrest. However, like any medical intervention, CPR is associated with potential complications. Understanding these risks is essential for both medical professionals and laypersons performing CPR in emergency situations.

Common Physical Injuries From CPR

Rib and Sternum Fractures are the most frequently reported injuries during chest compressions. These occur especially in elderly patients or when excessive force is applied. Proper technique and appropriate pressure can help reduce the likelihood of such injuries.

Gastric Insufflation and Related Issues may occur during rescue breathing. Excessive air entering the stomach can lead to bloating, vomiting, and even aspiration pneumonia. To minimize this risk, rescuers should focus on delivering slow, controlled breaths while monitoring chest rise.

Less Common But Serious Complications

Although less frequent, other complications may include pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, hemopneumothorax, cardiac bruising, and spinal injuries. These typically result from either high-force compressions or pre-existing patient conditions. Timely recognition and medical intervention are crucial in such cases.

Organ Damage Due to Prolonged Ischemia

Another critical concern during cardiac arrest is organ hypoxia and ischemia. Delayed or ineffective CPR can lead to irreversible cellular damage, particularly in the brain, kidneys, and liver. Initiating high-quality CPR immediately after recognizing cardiac arrest significantly improves outcomes and reduces complication risks.

Best Practices To Reduce CPR-Related Risks

Proper Training and Technique play a vital role in minimizing complications. Certified CPR courses teach rescuers how to perform compressions at the correct depth and rate while avoiding unnecessary force. Regular refresher courses help maintain skill proficiency and keep rescuers updated on the latest guidelines.