Causes and Management of Cardiac Arrest in Pregnant Women

Pregnancy is a unique physiological state that increases the risk of cardiac arrest due to a variety of factors. One of the most common causes is thromboembolism. Pregnant women are at higher risk of developing blood clots due to changes in their circulatory system and hormonal fluctuations. These clots can travel to the lungs and cause pulmonary embolism, which can ultimately lead to cardiac arrest.

Other Major Causes of Cardiac Arrest During Pregnancy

Another significant cause is postpartum hemorrhage, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and subsequently cardiac arrest. This is particularly common in cases of uncontrolled or severe bleeding following childbirth. Additionally, several obstetric complications can contribute to sudden cardiac arrest, including gestational hypertension, peripartum cardiomyopathy, severe systemic infections, and amniotic fluid embolism. These conditions place additional strain on the cardiovascular system and can rapidly deteriorate into life-threatening situations.

Immediate Response to Cardiac Arrest

When cardiac arrest occurs, the response must be immediate and effective. The cornerstone of treatment is high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It is crucial to begin CPR within the first few minutes, especially within the critical 4–5-minute window following cardiac arrest. Delayed or inadequate CPR can lead to irreversible brain damage and significantly reduce the chances of survival.

Importance of Timely Intervention

During this time, chest compressions should be performed at the correct depth and rate to maintain circulation. Early defibrillation, if indicated, should also be part of the resuscitation effort. Failure to act swiftly and efficiently can result in severe neurological complications or even death. Therefore, timely and effective CPR is not just a recommendation—it is a necessity.

Post-Resuscitation Care

Once spontaneous circulation is restored, post-resuscitation care becomes equally important. This includes advanced life support measures such as airway management, hemodynamic support, and targeted temperature management. Comprehensive monitoring and treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting are often required to optimize recovery and minimize complications.

Proper follow-up and management after resuscitation play a critical role in determining the long-term outcome. Without appropriate post-arrest care, even successful resuscitation may not lead to a favorable prognosis. Healthcare providers must therefore be prepared to manage both the immediate emergency and the complex care that follows.