Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Steps and Guidelines for Adults

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for adults follows a standardized process often referred to as the CPR ABCs. This method is essential for responding effectively to cardiac or respiratory arrest. The updated sequence is now known as CAB: first, ensure the airway is open, followed by chest compressions, and finally, provide rescue breaths. Opening the airway is crucial because many cases of sudden cardiac arrest are linked to airway obstruction due to choking, water inhalation, or vomiting. Without clearing the airway, CPR may not be effective.

Proper Technique for Performing CPR

When performing CPR, it's vital to place the victim on a firm, flat surface such as a hard floor or a rigid board. The rescuer should kneel beside the victim, positioning their hands correctly on the center of the chest, specifically at the midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples. Place one hand over the other with fingers interlocked, keeping the arms straight and using the upper body weight to apply pressure. This ensures effective compressions powered by the shoulders rather than just the arms.

Compression Depth and Rate

The recommended depth for chest compressions is between 2 to 2.4 inches (5–6 cm), and the rate should be maintained at 100 to 120 compressions per minute. After every 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths, following the 30:2 ratio. This cycle should be repeated continuously without unnecessary pauses. After completing five cycles, take a moment to assess the victim's condition, checking for signs of life such as breathing, pulse, or responsiveness.

What to Do After Initial CPR

If there is no noticeable improvement after the first round of CPR, continue the procedure without interruption. It's also important to ask someone nearby to call emergency services immediately. Timely professional medical care is critical for survival. CPR is a temporary life-saving measure, and prompt transport to a medical facility is necessary for further treatment and recovery.