Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Understanding the CAB Sequence

When it comes to performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the acronym CAB is essential to remember. The letter C stands for Circulation, which refers to the process of establishing artificial circulation through chest compressions. This is considered the most critical step in CPR. When a person experiences cardiac or respiratory arrest, immediate action is necessary to manually pump blood through the body by applying pressure to the chest.

What Does A and B Stand For?

In the CAB sequence, A represents Airway. Ensuring a clear airway is the next important step after initiating chest compressions. If the patient's airway is obstructed, it must be cleared to allow for proper airflow. This often involves tilting the head back and lifting the chin to open the airway. The B in CAB stands for Breathing, which involves providing rescue breaths to the patient. Once the airway is clear, artificial respiration helps deliver oxygen into the lungs, which is crucial for sustaining life during cardiac arrest.

Why the C Step Is the Most Important

During the entire CPR process, maintaining circulation through chest compressions is vital. This is because the heart and brain are highly sensitive to oxygen deprivation. Without blood flow, the chances of survival decrease rapidly. In single-rescuer CPR, the recommended ratio is 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. This cycle should be repeated for a total of five rounds before assessing the patient's condition to determine if the CPR has been effective.

Team CPR: The 30:2 Ratio

If two rescuers are available, the same 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio is used. One person performs chest compressions while the other delivers rescue breaths. After completing five cycles, rescuers should pause to evaluate the patient's response, checking for signs of restored breathing or a pulse. This systematic approach ensures that both circulation and oxygenation are addressed in a timely and efficient manner.