Sudden Cardiac Arrest Explained

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurs when the heart abruptly stops pumping blood, leading to the disappearance of pulse, heart sounds, and ultimately, the cessation of blood supply to vital organs. One of the most common causes of SCA is arrhythmia, particularly malignant types that disrupt normal heart function.

Recognizing the Signs of Cardiac Arrest

Arrhythmias can lead to life-threatening symptoms and physical manifestations. A person experiencing sudden cardiac arrest may lose consciousness abruptly, accompanied by generalized seizures or convulsions. Breathing often becomes irregular within ten seconds of the heart stopping, with gasping or agonal respirations commonly observed. In most cases, breathing ceases completely within 20 to 30 seconds after the heart stops beating.

Immediate Response and Assessment

If a person is unresponsive and has no detectable pulse or measurable blood pressure, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial. When approaching the individual, shout loudly and gently shake or tap them to assess their level of consciousness. If there is no response, check for breathing and feel for a pulse in the major arteries, such as the carotid artery in the neck.

Time is of the essence during sudden cardiac arrest. If the person is not breathing normally and has no pulse, CPR should begin immediately while emergency medical services are contacted. Prompt action significantly increases the chances of survival and reduces the risk of long-term complications.