Signs That CPR Is Working Effectively
When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it's important to assess whether the efforts are having a positive effect. There are several key indicators that can help determine if CPR is working and that circulation and oxygenation are being restored to the victim.
Key Indicators of Effective CPR
1. Positive Physical Responses from the Victim
One of the most encouraging signs that CPR is effective is the return of spontaneous signs of life. This includes the victim beginning to show signs of consciousness or awareness. You may notice the person starting to breathe on their own, moving their limbs, or showing reflexive responses. Medical professionals may also detect a pulse in the carotid artery when checking for circulation.
In addition, improvements in skin color and tone are strong indicators. If the person's complexion, lips, or nail beds change from pale or bluish (a sign of poor oxygenation) to a healthier pink or rosy color, this suggests improved blood flow and oxygen delivery. The victim may also begin responding to external stimuli, such as voice or touch.
2. Measurable Physiological Improvements
If medical equipment is available, monitoring blood pressure in the brachial artery can provide objective evidence of CPR effectiveness. A systolic pressure of 65 mmHg or higher during chest compressions is a promising sign that perfusion is being maintained and that the CPR is delivering adequate circulation to vital organs.
Performing High-Quality CPR
To ensure CPR is as effective as possible, it must be performed correctly and consistently. High-quality CPR involves several critical components:
- Correct Hand Placement: Compressions should be administered at the center of the chest, specifically on the lower half of the sternum, which is typically located at the midpoint between the nipples.
- Compression Rate: Maintain a steady pace of 100 to 120 compressions per minute to ensure adequate blood flow without overexertion.
- Compression Depth: For adults, press down at least 5 to 6 centimeters. For children, aim for about 5 cm, and for infants, approximately 4 cm.
- Minimize Interruptions: Try to keep chest compressions continuous, with as few interruptions as possible, to maintain consistent circulation.
- Allow Full Chest Recoil: After each compression, allow the chest to fully return to its normal position to enable proper filling of the heart with blood.
By closely observing these signs and following proper CPR techniques, rescuers can significantly improve the chances of a successful outcome during a cardiac emergency.