CPR Techniques For Cardiac Arrest: A Step-by-Step Guide

Immediate Actions During Cardiac Arrest

When someone experiences cardiac arrest, every second counts. The first step is to call emergency services immediately. Once that is done, begin chest compressions without delay. Current guidelines emphasize high-quality chest compressions over rescue breaths, making it easier for bystanders to perform life-saving CPR effectively.

How to Perform Chest Compressions Outside a Hospital

Positioning and Preparation

If an adult collapses outside a medical facility, the rescuer should quickly position the person on their back on a firm, flat surface. A soft mattress or cushioned area is not suitable, as it reduces the effectiveness of compressions. Ensure the person's head and torso are at the same level. Kneel beside the person's chest or stand over them, depending on your position relative to the patient, and align your shoulders directly over your hands.

Proper Technique for Effective Compressions

Hand Placement and Body Position

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, at the level of the nipples. Place your other hand on top, interlocking your fingers, and keep your palms flat against the chest with fingers lifted off the ribcage. Keep your arms straight and position your body so that your shoulders are directly above your hands. Use your upper body weight to apply pressure, leaning forward slightly from the hips to maintain a vertical compression direction.

Compression Rate and Depth

Compress the chest at a steady pace of 100 to 120 compressions per minute, pressing down approximately 4 to 5 centimeters (about 2 inches). Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression, maintaining equal time between pressing and releasing. It's crucial to keep your hands in constant contact with the chest throughout the process to avoid losing proper positioning.

Continue CPR Until Help Arrives

Consistency is key during CPR. Continue compressions without interruption for as long as possible. Only stop if the person shows clear signs of regaining consciousness and breathing normally, or when professional medical help arrives to take over. Maintaining uninterrupted chest compressions significantly increases the person's chance of survival and recovery.