Common Causes of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is often linked to three leading global causes of mortality: acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. A common factor among these conditions is the formation of blood clots. Similar to blockages in a drainage system, blood clots can obstruct both arteries and veins, potentially causing life-threatening events. For example, a clot blocking a coronary artery can lead to a heart attack, while one that blocks a cerebral artery may cause a stroke. Additionally, a clot reaching the lungs can result in pulmonary embolism.

Heart Conditions and Their Role in Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Among various types of structural heart diseases—such as coronary artery disease, myocarditis, and heart failure—coronary artery disease remains the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death. It is essential to understand how these conditions affect heart function and increase the risk of abrupt cardiac events.

Pulmonary Embolism: A Silent but Deadly Threat

Pulmonary embolism is a prevalent cardiovascular condition primarily affecting respiratory function. Its symptoms are often non-specific, making diagnosis challenging. As a result, this condition is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked, which can delay treatment and significantly increase the risk of mortality. Research has shown that for every hour of sitting, the likelihood of developing deep vein thrombosis increases by 10%. During the pandemic, numerous cases of pulmonary embolism were reported due to prolonged inactivity at home, emphasizing the need for awareness and preventive measures.

Why Timely Diagnosis Matters

If pulmonary embolism is not promptly identified and treated, it can lead to sudden deterioration in a patient's condition, and in severe cases, it can be fatal. Early recognition and intervention are critical to improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications.

Electrolyte Imbalances and Cardiac Instability

Abnormal levels of potassium—either hypokalemia or hyperkalemia—as well as other electrolyte imbalances and disruptions in acid-base equilibrium, can lead to dangerous arrhythmias or acute hemodynamic changes. These disturbances may ultimately result in cardiac arrest, highlighting the importance of maintaining electrolyte balance and overall metabolic stability.