CPR Steps Explained: What Do C, A, and B Mean?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving emergency procedure that many people are familiar with. It follows a specific sequence known as CAB, which stands for three critical steps in the process of reviving someone in cardiac arrest.

Understanding the Meaning of C in CPR

C stands for Circulation, which refers to restoring blood circulation through chest compressions. When a person experiences cardiac arrest, the heart stops pumping blood effectively. To mimic the heart's function, chest compressions are performed at the center of the chest, typically at the midpoint between the nipples. This action helps maintain some blood flow to vital organs like the brain and heart until more advanced care can be provided.

What Does A Represent in CPR?

A stands for Airway, which involves ensuring that the victim's airway is open and unobstructed. After beginning chest compressions, it's crucial to check the airway for any blockages. If there are visible obstructions in the mouth, such as food or other debris, they should be carefully removed to allow for proper airflow. Tipping the head back and lifting the chin is a common method used to open the airway.

The Role of B in the CPR Sequence

B stands for Breathing, which refers to providing rescue breaths to the victim. After ensuring the airway is clear and performing chest compressions, giving two rescue breaths helps supply oxygen to the lungs and bloodstream. This step is essential because oxygen is needed to sustain life until normal breathing and heartbeat can be restored.

Why the CAB Sequence Matters

The CAB sequence was updated from the older ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) approach to emphasize the importance of immediate chest compressions. Research has shown that starting with compressions increases the chances of survival, as the brain and other organs need continuous blood flow. By prioritizing circulation first, CPR can be more effective in the critical moments following a cardiac arrest.