How to Respond to Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest can happen without warning, leaving the victim unconscious, unresponsive, and without normal breathing or a pulse. Recognizing these signs quickly is crucial for anyone nearby. Immediate action can make the difference between life and death. If you encounter someone who has suddenly collapsed and appears unresponsive, check for breathing and responsiveness right away.

Steps to Take During Cardiac Arrest

The first step is to confirm if the person is indeed experiencing cardiac arrest. If there is no response and the person is not breathing normally, it's essential to act fast. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. The standard CPR sequence follows the CAB method: Circulation, Airway, Breathing.

Circulation: Chest Compressions Are Key

Chest compressions help maintain blood flow to the heart and brain. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, at the midpoint between the nipples, and place the other hand on top. Press down firmly and quickly, aiming for a depth of more than 2 inches (5 cm) and a rate of over 100 compressions per minute. This consistent pressure can help keep the vital organs supplied with oxygenated blood.

Airway: Ensure It's Open

After performing compressions, open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique. This helps ensure that any subsequent rescue breaths can reach the lungs effectively. Keeping the airway clear is a vital step in the CPR process.

Breathing: Provide Rescue Breaths

Once the airway is open, give rescue breaths mouth-to-mouth. Each breath should last about one second and make the chest visibly rise. Continue with cycles of 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths until emergency help arrives or an automated external defibrillator (AED) becomes available.

Time Is of the Essence

Cardiac arrest is a time-sensitive emergency. Every second counts, and starting CPR immediately can significantly increase the person's chances of survival. Do not wait for professional medical help to arrive before beginning CPR. Quick action and proper technique are essential in saving a life.