Chest Compression Depth for Adult Patients

Chest compression is a vital life-saving technique that everyone should be familiar with, especially in the event of cardiac arrest. Many people already know the correct hand placement for chest compressions — the center of the chest, at the midpoint between the two nipples.

According to the International Consensus Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), it is recommended that chest compressions be performed to a depth of greater than 5 centimeters. Adequate compression depth is essential to effectively circulate blood during cardiac arrest. In addition to depth, the compression rate should be more than 100 compressions per minute to ensure sufficient blood flow.

Why Compression Depth Matters

Proper compression depth ensures that enough pressure is applied to the heart, allowing it to pump blood to vital organs. If compressions are too shallow, they may not generate enough blood flow to sustain life. On the other hand, excessively deep compressions can cause injury, so it's important to aim for the recommended depth of at least 5 cm but not more than 6 cm.

Key Techniques for Effective CPR

Compression Rate and Hand Position

In addition to depth, maintaining a consistent rate of over 100 compressions per minute is crucial. Proper hand placement — on the lower half of the sternum, with hands stacked and elbows locked — helps ensure that compressions are both effective and sustainable over time.

Allowing Full Chest Recoil

Another important factor is allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions. This helps the heart refill with blood and improves the effectiveness of the next compression.

In conclusion, mastering the correct chest compression depth and rate significantly improves the chances of survival for adults experiencing cardiac arrest. Proper training and practice are essential for anyone who may need to perform CPR in an emergency situation.