CPR Techniques for Single Rescuer Hands-Only Resuscitation

Performing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial when administering hands-only CPR as a single rescuer. Maintaining proper technique can significantly improve the chances of survival during cardiac emergencies. Below are key considerations to ensure effective CPR performance.

1. Correct Chest Compression Depth

One of the most important aspects of effective CPR is ensuring the correct depth of chest compressions. The recommended depth is at least 5 cm (approximately 2 inches). To achieve this, the rescuer must maintain proper body positioning and apply pressure directly over the lower half of the sternum. Inadequate depth can lead to poor blood circulation, which compromises the effectiveness of CPR and fails to meet standard resuscitation guidelines.

2. Maintain the Right Compression Rate

Compressions should be delivered at a consistent rate of 100 to 120 per minute. This pace ensures that the heart receives adequate stimulation to circulate blood while allowing enough time for the heart to refill between compressions. Going too fast or too slow can reduce the overall effectiveness of chest compressions and impact patient outcomes.

Why Timing Matters

Keeping a steady rhythm not only helps maintain blood flow but also prevents rescuer fatigue. Some rescuers find it helpful to use a metronome or count aloud to stay within the recommended range. Consistency in timing is essential for optimal CPR performance.

3. Allow Full Chest Recoil

Equally important to compression depth and rate is allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions. This means releasing pressure completely after each compression to enable the heart to refill with blood. If the chest does not fully rebound, it reduces venous return and diminishes the effectiveness of the next compression.

How to Ensure Proper Recoil

To ensure full chest recoil, the rescuer should lift their hands slightly off the chest after each compression without losing the correct hand placement. This requires practice and awareness during the resuscitation process.

4. Minimize Interruptions in Compressions

When performing CPR alone, it's vital to maintain continuous compressions. Interruptions should be kept to a minimum—ideally less than 10 seconds—even when performing necessary tasks such as calling for emergency help or preparing for rescue breaths. Every second without compressions reduces the chance of successful resuscitation.

Strategies to Reduce Downtime

Anticipating actions and planning ahead can help reduce interruptions. For example, quickly checking for breathing or pulse while maintaining readiness to resume compressions can save valuable time. Efficient movement and mental preparation are key to sustaining uninterrupted CPR.