CPR Compression Depth for Adults: A Comprehensive Guide

Over the years, international guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have evolved, especially regarding the recommended compression depth for adult patients. Currently, it is advised that chest compressions during hands-only CPR should be at least 5 cm deep. For more experienced rescuers, maintaining a depth of 5–6 cm is ideal. This range ensures adequate cardiac output while minimizing the risk of complications such as rib fractures.

Optimal Compression Technique

It's not only about depth—proper compression technique is crucial. The recommended compression rate is between 100 and 120 compressions per minute. This rate helps maintain sufficient blood flow to vital organs during cardiac arrest. Rescuers should aim for a consistent rhythm and avoid interruptions to ensure continuous circulation.

Allowing Full Chest Recoil

Equally important is allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression. This means that the time spent pressing down and releasing should be approximately equal—around 50% each. Full recoil allows the heart to refill with blood, making each subsequent compression more effective.

Maintaining Proper Hand Placement

During the release phase, it's essential to keep the heel of the hand in contact with the chest wall. Lifting the hand completely can cause displacement, leading to less effective compressions and potential injury. Proper hand positioning ensures that each compression is delivered accurately over the lower half of the sternum.

Considerations for Pediatric CPR

When performing CPR on children, the compression depth differs from that used for adults. The recommended depth is about one-third of the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest, which typically corresponds to approximately 5 cm in most children. As with adults, it's important to allow full chest recoil and minimize interruptions in compressions, aiming for no more than 10 seconds without compressions.