Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Timing for Single Rescuer Hands-Only Technique

When performing hands-only CPR as a single rescuer, it is essential to continue the procedure without interruption until the patient shows signs of recovery, such as spontaneous breathing or a pulse, or until professional medical help arrives. Consistent, high-quality chest compressions are critical in maintaining blood circulation and increasing the chances of survival during cardiac arrest.

Duration and Fatigue Management in CPR

While a single rescuer must continue CPR until relieved, fatigue can significantly affect the quality of chest compressions. As the body tires, the depth and rate of compressions may decrease, which can compromise the effectiveness of the resuscitation effort. Ideally, chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) to ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs.

Team CPR and Rotation Protocols

In situations where two or three rescuers are available, it is standard practice to rotate roles every 2 minutes to maintain the quality of CPR. This rotation helps prevent exhaustion and ensures that compressions remain effective. For example, if one rescuer performs chest compressions for 2 minutes, another should take over to continue at the optimal pace and depth. Similarly, if rescue breaths are being administered, the person providing ventilation should switch roles to avoid fatigue-related errors such as air leakage or improper timing.

Why Rotation Matters

Failure to rotate can lead to a decline in CPR performance. Signs of rescuer fatigue include slower compression rates, reduced compression depth, poor hand placement, and inconsistent ventilation. These factors can directly impact the likelihood of a successful outcome during cardiac arrest. Therefore, even if a rescuer does not feel exhausted, switching roles every 2 minutes is recommended to maintain optimal CPR quality.

Single Rescuer Challenges

When only one person is available to perform CPR, the physical demands are significantly higher. In such cases, the rescuer should focus on delivering continuous, high-quality chest compressions without unnecessary interruptions. If possible, calling for emergency medical services (EMS) as soon as possible is crucial to ensure professional care arrives in a timely manner. Although rotation is not an option, staying focused and maintaining correct technique can make a life-saving difference.

Conclusion

Whether performing CPR alone or as part of a team, the goal remains the same: to provide uninterrupted, high-quality chest compressions that maximize the chances of survival. Understanding the importance of timing, fatigue management, and proper technique is essential for every rescuer. By following recommended guidelines and staying alert to the physical demands of CPR, even a single rescuer can make a critical impact in an emergency situation.