Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Techniques for a Single Rescuer Without Equipment

When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as a single rescuer without equipment, the recommended sequence is CAB. C stands for chest compressions, A refers to airway management, and B represents rescue breathing or artificial respiration.

Recognizing the Need for CPR

Before starting the CAB sequence, it's crucial to determine if the person is experiencing cardiac or respiratory arrest. If the individual does not respond to tapping or verbal stimuli and shows no signs of breathing or pulse (especially in the carotid artery), immediate CPR should be initiated. Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute, with a depth of at least 5 cm for adults. The correct hand placement is in the center of the chest, at the midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples.

Performing Chest Compressions and Rescue Breaths

After completing 30 chest compressions, the rescuer should follow with two rescue breaths. Each breath should be delivered over one second, allowing for one second of exhalation between breaths. Both rescue breaths should be completed within ten seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions. Prolonged pauses in compressions can reduce coronary perfusion pressure, ultimately decreasing the chances of successful resuscitation.

Importance of Using an AED

In addition to manual CPR techniques, it is essential to use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) as soon as possible. The AED should be prioritized over continuing CPR, as early defibrillation significantly increases the likelihood of restoring a normal heart rhythm. The device will guide the rescuer through the necessary steps, including delivering a shock if required.