Cardiac Arrest: Understanding the Basics and Effective Response

Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, leading to a loss of consciousness, abnormal or stopped breathing, or gasping breaths. At this critical moment, the person will show no pulse in major arteries such as the carotid (neck) or femoral (groin) artery. Recognizing these signs quickly is essential, as immediate intervention can be life-saving.

Responding to Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

If someone experiences cardiac arrest outside of a medical facility, immediate action is crucial. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by performing chest compressions while someone else calls emergency services, such as 911 or your local emergency number. Continue CPR until professional help arrives.

Proper Technique for Chest Compressions

Effective chest compressions are vital during CPR. Place your hands on the lower third of the breastbone (sternum) to ensure proper positioning. Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 times per minute, with a depth of 4 to 6 centimeters. Use the weight of your upper body to apply pressure, rather than relying solely on arm strength, to achieve the necessary depth and effectiveness.

CPR Cycle and Pulse Check

Follow the recommended CPR cycle: perform 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths after ensuring the airway is clear. Complete five cycles, which typically takes about two minutes, and then check for a pulse. If no pulse is detected, continue CPR while waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to arrive, as early defibrillation significantly increases survival chances.