What To Do In Case Of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition. If not treated effectively within 3 to 5 minutes after the heart stops, the patient may suffer irreversible damage or even death. Immediate action is crucial, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be performed right away. This includes chest compressions, airway management, and other life-supporting measures outlined below:

1. Chest Compressions

Chest compressions are a critical component of CPR. For adults, compressions should be applied to the lower half of the sternum. The depth should be at least 5 to 6 centimeters, and the rate should be between 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Proper technique ensures blood continues to circulate to vital organs until professional help arrives.

2. Airway Management

Maintaining an open airway is essential during cardiac arrest. Ensure the patient's head is tilted back slightly and the chin lifted to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. Clear any visible secretions from the mouth and consider providing rescue breaths or using a bag-valve mask if trained to do so. These steps help deliver oxygen to the lungs and support vital functions.

3. Advanced Life Support Measures

If available, advanced medical equipment should be used as soon as possible. This includes endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, which are typically performed by trained medical professionals. These interventions provide more effective oxygen delivery and support circulation during resuscitation.

Safety First

Before providing assistance, always ensure your own safety. Move the patient to a secure location if they are in danger, such as near traffic or fire. If you are not trained in CPR, call emergency services immediately—such as 911—and follow their instructions until help arrives. Prompt action significantly increases the chances of survival and reduces the risk of long-term complications.