What Are the Best Medications for Cardiac Resuscitation?

During cardiac arrest, the primary medication used in resuscitation is epinephrine. Epinephrine acts on both alpha and beta receptors in the body. Specifically, it activates the beta-1 receptors in the heart, which enhances myocardial contractility and increases cardiac output. These effects may help reverse the state of cardiac arrest. In addition to epinephrine, other vasopressor agents such as dopamine, phenylephrine, and norepinephrine may also be used during resuscitation efforts to support blood pressure and circulation.

Addressing Acidosis in Cardiac Arrest

Following a cardiac arrest, patients often develop both metabolic and respiratory acidosis due to the lack of oxygen delivery and circulation. To counteract this, sodium bicarbonate (typically 5%) may be administered to help restore normal pH levels and improve the effectiveness of other resuscitative measures.

Combining Techniques for Effective CPR

Resuscitation is not solely dependent on medications. High-quality chest compressions and artificial ventilation are essential components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). These interventions, combined with pharmacological treatments, form the foundation of managing cardiac arrest. It is crucial to continuously assess the patient's response throughout the resuscitation process to ensure timely adjustments in care.

Signs of Successful Resuscitation

Positive outcomes from resuscitation efforts can be observed through the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). This may be indicated by the presence of a palpable pulse, audible heart sounds, or changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG). Additionally, signs such as the return of spontaneous breathing, improved level of consciousness, ability to follow commands or respond verbally, and pupillary response (from dilated to constricted) are strong indicators of neurological recovery and effective resuscitation.