Warning Signs Before Cardiac Arrest

Before experiencing cardiac arrest, some individuals may display warning signs such as chest pain or discomfort, often associated with angina. Other common symptoms include extreme fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and palpitations. These signs can indicate an increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest. In some cases, these symptoms may intensify rapidly within a short period, further signaling a potential life-threatening situation.

Limitations of Early Warning Signs

However, it's important to note that many individuals do not experience any of these warning signs before cardiac arrest occurs. The absence of symptoms means that cardiac arrest can strike suddenly, leading to an immediate loss of consciousness, breathing, and heartbeat. Because of this unpredictability, relying solely on early symptoms to predict cardiac arrest is not foolproof.

What to Do During Cardiac Arrest

When cardiac arrest does occur, the person will typically lose consciousness and stop breathing, with no detectable heartbeat. Within approximately four minutes of the heart stopping, the brain's stored glucose reserves are depleted, potentially leading to irreversible brain damage. Immediate action is crucial—starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within four minutes can significantly improve the chances of survival and reduce the risk of long-term neurological damage.

How to Perform CPR Correctly

If someone collapses and is unresponsive, emergency responders or bystanders should begin CPR immediately. The correct technique involves chest compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute, applied to the lower half of the sternum—specifically at the intersection of the line connecting the two nipples and the sternum. After every 30 compressions, two rescue breaths should be administered, maintaining a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2.

Conclusion

While some people may experience symptoms before cardiac arrest, many do not. Recognizing the signs and knowing how to respond quickly with CPR can make a life-saving difference. Public awareness and training in emergency response are vital components in improving survival rates from sudden cardiac arrest.