Cardiac Arrest Treatment: A Step-by-Step Guide To Effective Response

When someone experiences cardiac arrest, immediate action is crucial. The primary and most effective treatment is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Performing CPR correctly can significantly increase the person's chances of survival before professional medical help arrives.

Preparing the Scene for CPR

Before beginning CPR, it's essential to ensure the safety of the environment. If the incident occurs on a roadway or busy street, move the person to a safer location if possible, or set up visible barriers to prevent secondary accidents. Ensuring a secure area allows rescuers to focus fully on providing life-saving care without additional risks.

Confirming Cardiac Arrest

Accurate assessment is key to determining whether CPR is necessary. Check for responsiveness by gently tapping the person's shoulders and shouting near their ears. Simultaneously, feel for a pulse at the carotid artery in the neck for no more than 10 seconds. If there's no response and no normal breathing or pulse, immediate CPR should begin.

Performing CPR: The Right Technique

When administering CPR, chest compressions are the priority. Although rescue breaths can be included, the most critical factor is early and continuous chest compressions. Place your hands on the lower half of the sternum and press down with a depth of about 2 to 2.4 inches (5–6 cm), at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute. This rhythm helps maintain blood circulation to vital organs.

What to Do If You're Not Trained

For individuals without formal CPR training, the best course of action is to call emergency services immediately—such as dialing 911 or the local emergency number—and follow any instructions provided by the dispatcher. While waiting for help, focus on delivering hands-only CPR, which involves uninterrupted chest compressions. Professional medical personnel will take over once they arrive, ensuring the best possible outcome for the patient.