Aortic Stenosis: Recognizing the Key Symptoms and Signs

Aortic stenosis is a progressive heart condition that often begins without noticeable symptoms. However, once symptoms appear, they tend to worsen quickly if left untreated. The classic triad of symptoms includes exertional dyspnea, angina, and syncope. Early signs can be subtle and easily overlooked, making awareness of the condition crucial for timely diagnosis.

Common Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis

1. Shortness of Breath: In the early stages, patients may experience fatigue, weakness, and dizziness during physical activity. As the condition progresses, increased pressure in the lungs due to blood backup can lead to exertional dyspnea. In more advanced cases, individuals may develop paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or orthopnea, and in severe situations, acute pulmonary edema can occur.

2. Chest Pain (Angina): Angina is often the first and most frequent symptom in patients with severe aortic stenosis. This chest discomfort is typically triggered by physical exertion and relieved by rest. As patients age, episodes may become more frequent and intense, even occurring with minimal activity.

3. Dizziness or Fainting (Syncope): Approximately one in four symptomatic patients experiences episodes of syncope. These events often occur during or immediately after physical exertion, while standing upright, or when bending forward. In some cases, fainting can also happen at rest, raising concerns about the severity of the condition.

Additional Signs and Complications

Reduced Cardiac Output:

In the later stages of aortic stenosis, the heart's ability to pump blood effectively diminishes, leading to a range of symptoms. Patients may feel increasingly tired, weak, and experience a general decline in physical performance. These signs indicate a significant reduction in cardiac output and often signal the need for prompt medical evaluation and possible intervention.

Understanding the progression and symptoms of aortic stenosis is essential for early detection and effective management. If you or a loved one experiences any of these symptoms, especially during physical activity, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough assessment.