Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis: Recognizing the Key Symptoms and Warning Signs

Congenital aortic valve stenosis is a heart condition that primarily affects males and can lead to a variety of symptoms depending on the severity of the narrowing. This condition often presents symptoms that resemble angina, such as chest pain or discomfort, particularly in the area of the heart.

Common Signs and Symptoms

One of the most noticeable symptoms is shortness of breath during physical activity. Individuals with this condition may also experience fatigue more easily than others. As the condition progresses, additional symptoms may appear, including dizziness or even fainting spells, especially after exertion.

Impact on Development and Heart Function

Depending on the level of obstruction, congenital aortic stenosis can also affect a child's overall development. Delayed growth and difficulty gaining weight are commonly observed in severe cases. In more advanced stages, heart failure can develop, leading to fluid retention and swelling in different parts of the body.

Severe Cases and Potential Complications

When the aortic valve opening is reduced to less than 0.6 cm² — roughly 25% of the normal size in children — symptoms become more pronounced. These may include severe fatigue, chest pain, fainting episodes, and in the most critical cases, sudden cardiac arrest.

Prognosis and Warning Indicators

If the liver becomes enlarged, it often signals that both ventricles of the heart are under strain, which can be a concerning indicator of worsening heart function. This condition typically suggests a poorer long-term outlook and requires immediate medical evaluation.

Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial in improving outcomes for individuals with congenital aortic valve stenosis. Regular monitoring by a cardiologist can help detect changes in heart function and guide treatment decisions.