What Is the Most Reliable Test for Diagnosing Colorectal Cancer?

Colonoscopy is currently considered the most effective method for diagnosing colorectal cancer. This procedure falls under the category of endoscopic examinations and involves inserting a flexible tube through the anus to inspect the rectum and the entire colon, including the descending, transverse, and ascending sections. During the examination, if abnormalities are detected, doctors can immediately assess the location of the lesion, observe its size, shape, and whether there are ulcers on the surface.

One major advantage of colonoscopy is its ability to take biopsy samples directly from suspicious areas. These tissue samples undergo pathological analysis, allowing for an accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The results from a biopsy can confirm whether the abnormality is malignant and provide crucial information about the type and stage of the cancer.

It's important to note that early-stage colorectal cancer often presents with non-specific symptoms. Changes in bowel habits or stool consistency may occur, sometimes accompanied by blood or pus in the stool. Unfortunately, many patients do not seek medical attention until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. For individuals at higher risk, experts recommend combining cancer biomarker testing with colonoscopy to rule out the presence of tumors and ensure early detection. Regular screening plays a key role in improving outcomes and reducing mortality associated with colorectal cancer.