Treatment Options for Aortic Valve Stenosis and Regurgitation

Aortic valve stenosis combined with regurgitation can be compared to a door that is unable to open or close properly. This condition, where the valve is both narrowed and unable to close fully, often requires surgical intervention. Traditional treatment for severe aortic stenosis or regurgitation involves surgical valve replacement, a procedure that has become highly advanced and widely practiced in modern medicine.

Modern Surgical Approaches

One of the most significant advancements in treating aortic valve disease is the introduction of TAVI, or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. This minimally invasive procedure allows for aortic valve replacement without the need for open-heart surgery, significantly reducing recovery time and surgical risk. TAVI is particularly beneficial for patients who are considered high or moderate risk for conventional surgery.

When Is Surgery Necessary?

Indications for aortic valve surgery include:

• Moderate to severe stenosis or regurgitation accompanied by symptoms such as chest pain or a history of fainting.
• Severe valve dysfunction associated with left ventricular enlargement or heart failure, which requires prompt surgical treatment to prevent further complications.

Eligibility for TAVI

In many countries, TAVI is categorized into three risk groups: high, intermediate, and low. Typically, patients who are not suitable candidates for traditional surgery—often those aged 60 or 65 years and older—are recommended for TAVI. This procedure involves placing a valve within a stent, which is then positioned inside the diseased aortic valve, restoring normal blood flow.

Conclusion

With the advancement of medical technology, the treatment of aortic valve disease has become more personalized and less invasive. Whether through traditional valve replacement or innovative procedures like TAVI, patients now have more options than ever to manage this serious condition and improve their quality of life.