Causes of Aortic Valve Stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis can be caused by two main types of factors. The first type is congenital developmental abnormalities that lead to a narrowed aortic valve. The second type is acquired conditions such as rheumatic heart disease, where inflammation and calcification of the aortic valve occur, often resulting in the fusion of valve leaflets and subsequent narrowing.

Symptoms and Clinical Manifestations

Patients commonly experience symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, individuals may suffer from difficulty breathing, dizziness, and even fainting spells. These symptoms typically arise due to the reduced blood flow through the narrowed valve, which strains the heart and reduces oxygen delivery to the body.

Physical and Diagnostic Findings

During a physical examination, a loud, harsh, jet-like systolic murmur can often be heard along the left side of the chest. This is a key diagnostic sign of aortic stenosis. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results may show signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, while a chest X-ray might reveal ventricular enlargement and post-stenotic dilation of the aorta.

Key Symptoms to Watch For

• Chest pain or discomfort in the precardial area, especially during physical exertion
• Shortness of breath, particularly during activity or when lying down
• Fatigue or fainting due to decreased blood flow to the brain

If you or a loved one is experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection and management can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with aortic valve stenosis.