Valve Repair Surgery: Understanding the Risks and Benefits

Valve repair surgery is commonly performed for conditions such as mitral valve disease, aortic valve disease, and tricuspid valve abnormalities. Compared to valve replacement, repair procedures often result in better long-term outcomes and eliminate the need for lifelong anticoagulation therapy like warfarin, which is typically required after mechanical valve implantation. When successful, valve repair can significantly improve a patient's quality of life and cardiac function. However, like any major surgical procedure, it carries both short-term and long-term risks.

Short-Term Risks of Valve Repair Surgery

During the surgical procedure, if the valve repair does not yield the desired results, it may lead to prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time. Extended exposure to bypass can increase the risk of complications such as bleeding, infection, or organ dysfunction. In such cases, the surgical team may opt for a valve replacement instead of continuing with repair attempts to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.

Long-Term Risks and Considerations

Potential for Valve Regurgitation

In the medium to long term, some patients may experience recurrence of moderate to severe valve regurgitation (leakage). This can lead to progressive enlargement of the left ventricle and worsening heart function. Patients exhibiting such symptoms require close monitoring and may eventually need further intervention, including repeat heart surgery.

Importance of Follow-Up Care

Regular echocardiographic evaluations and clinical follow-ups are essential for early detection of any structural or functional issues with the repaired valve. Timely management can help avoid complications and improve long-term survival rates.