Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is Treatment Necessary?

Aortic valve stenosis is a type of congenital heart disease that affects the normal flow of blood from the heart to the rest of the body. In mild cases, the condition may not cause significant symptoms or lead to heart enlargement and reduced cardiac function. However, regular monitoring and medical checkups are strongly recommended to track any progression of the disease.

When Does Aortic Valve Stenosis Require Treatment?

As the condition worsens, the resistance to blood flow increases, causing blood to remain in the left ventricle for longer periods. This places additional strain on the heart, prompting it to compensate by enlarging. Over time, this can lead to impaired heart function and potentially serious complications. Generally, when the pressure gradient across the aortic valve reaches or exceeds 50mmHg, medical intervention is advised.

Common Treatment Options

1. Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty

One of the primary treatment methods is balloon aortic valvuloplasty. During this minimally invasive procedure, a catheter with a deflated balloon at its tip is inserted into the heart. The balloon is then positioned at the site of the stenotic valve and inflated to widen the valve opening, thereby improving blood flow and restoring more normal heart function.

2. Open-Heart Surgery

For patients who do not respond well to balloon dilation, open-heart surgery may be recommended. This approach allows surgeons to either separate fused valve leaflets or repair the valve structure directly. It is often considered when the anatomy of the valve is complex or when long-term durability of the repair is necessary.

Prognosis and Success Rates

With timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for patients with aortic valve stenosis is generally very good. The success rate of treatment is high, with more than 95% of patients experiencing significant improvement in symptoms and heart function. Early intervention plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal outcomes and maintaining long-term cardiovascular health.