High Cholesterol: What Does It Mean and Why It Matters

High cholesterol, medically known as hyperlipidemia, refers to elevated levels of lipids such as cholesterol, lipoproteins, and triglycerides in the blood. When these levels exceed the normal range as determined by blood tests, it is typically diagnosed as hyperlipidemia. This condition is commonly referred to as high blood lipids or simply high cholesterol.

Common Causes of High Cholesterol

Diet plays a major role in the development of high cholesterol. Consuming excessive amounts of fatty and processed foods can significantly increase lipid levels in the bloodstream. Additionally, metabolic issues can contribute to this condition. For example, as people age, their metabolism often slows down, which can lead to higher cholesterol levels. Other contributing factors include lack of physical activity, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Health Risks Associated With High Cholesterol

One of the most serious consequences of high cholesterol is the development of atherosclerosis — a buildup of plaque in the arteries that can restrict blood flow. This condition can affect various organs and lead to a range of serious health problems.

Impact on the Heart

When atherosclerosis affects the coronary arteries, it can result in coronary artery disease, which increases the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular issues.

Effects on the Legs

If the arteries in the legs become narrowed due to plaque buildup, it can lead to peripheral artery disease, also known as lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. This condition can cause pain, numbness, and difficulty walking.

Risks to the Brain

Atherosclerosis in the arteries supplying blood to the brain can lead to stroke or cerebral infarction, which are serious and potentially life-threatening conditions.

Why Early Detection and Management Are Important

Since high cholesterol often shows no symptoms in its early stages, regular blood tests are crucial for early detection. Managing cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes — such as adopting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and quitting smoking — can significantly reduce the risk of complications. In some cases, medication may also be necessary to maintain healthy lipid levels.