What Are the Indicators of High Cholesterol?

High cholesterol is categorized into two main types: high triglycerides and high cholesterol levels. The diagnostic criteria vary depending on which type of lipid is elevated. When triglyceride levels exceed 1.7 mmol/L, it is classified as hypertriglyceridemia. In more severe cases, where triglycerides rise above 2.6 mmol/L, medical intervention is typically required. This intervention may involve lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and increased physical activity, or the use of medication to manage lipid levels effectively.

Understanding Cholesterol Levels

For total cholesterol, a level above 5.2 mmol/L is considered high. Similarly, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels exceeding 3.4 mmol/L are indicative of hypercholesterolemia. However, diagnosis is not solely based on these numbers. Physicians also assess the patient's overall risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with existing conditions such as coronary artery disease, stroke, significant carotid artery narrowing, or diabetes are considered at high risk and may require more aggressive treatment strategies.

Managing LDL for Better Cardiovascular Health

For patients with advanced atherosclerosis, those who have undergone stent placement, or those with significant plaque buildup, it is recommended to maintain LDL cholesterol levels below 1.8 mmol/L. Keeping LDL at this level can help slow the progression of atherosclerosis or even promote plaque regression. Lipid-lowering therapy plays a protective role in managing arterial plaque, while poor control of blood pressure, lipids, and glucose levels can accelerate disease progression.

Protective vs. Destructive Factors in Atherosclerosis

The balance between protective and harmful factors is crucial in the progression of atherosclerosis. Proper lipid management helps protect against plaque development, while uncontrolled risk factors—such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia—can lead to worsening of the condition. When harmful influences outweigh protective measures, the disease is likely to advance, increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications.