Constrictive Pericarditis Explained

Constrictive pericarditis is a medical condition in which the heart becomes enclosed by dense, thickened fibrous tissue. This hardened tissue restricts the heart's ability to expand properly during relaxation, leading to impaired filling of the ventricles during diastole and causing various circulatory problems.

Types and Progression of Chronic Pericarditis

Following an episode of acute pericarditis, some patients may develop mild scarring and loose adhesions within the pericardium. In these cases, the pericardial layers remain functionally intact without significant thickening or impairment of heart function. This milder form is referred to as chronic adhesive pericarditis.

Chronic Effusive Pericarditis

In other instances, pericardial effusion may persist over time, resulting in chronic effusive pericarditis. This condition is often considered a continuation of acute non-specific pericarditis and is primarily characterized by the accumulation of fluid around the heart. Fortunately, the prognosis for this type is generally favorable with appropriate medical care.

Development of Constrictive Pericarditis

In more severe cases, the pericardium becomes significantly thickened, adhered, and often calcified. This creates a rigid, scarred layer around the heart that limits both diastolic and systolic functions. When this occurs, the condition is classified as constrictive pericarditis — a serious and potentially life-threatening form of chronic pericardial disease that typically requires surgical intervention.