Viral Pericarditis Symptoms and Characteristics

Viral pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium caused by various viral infections. Based on the progression of the disease, it can be classified into three categories: acute, subacute, and chronic viral pericarditis. Acute viral pericarditis typically lasts less than six weeks, while subacute cases range from six weeks to six months. Chronic viral pericarditis refers to conditions lasting more than six months.

Understanding the Different Stages

Acute viral pericarditis often appears suddenly and is more common among adolescents and young adults. Most patients experience symptoms of an upper respiratory infection one to two weeks before the onset of pericarditis. These symptoms may include fever, sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Key Symptoms of Viral Pericarditis

When pericarditis develops, patients typically experience sharp chest pain in the front of the heart area. This pain may radiate to the left side of the neck or the left shoulder. Additional symptoms may include palpitations, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. The pain often intensifies during deep breathing, coughing, swallowing, or changing body positions.

Why Early Recognition Matters

Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. While the condition can be uncomfortable, most cases of viral pericarditis resolve on their own with proper rest and medical care. However, in some instances, complications such as pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade may develop, requiring more intensive medical intervention.