Acute Pericarditis And The Characteristics Of Chest Pain

Acute pericarditis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pericardium, often triggered by bacterial infections or other non-infectious inflammatory causes. One of the most prominent symptoms is chest pain, which can vary significantly in its presentation. Some patients experience sharp, stabbing pain that worsens with breathing, while others may feel a dull, persistent ache or a sensation of pressure in the chest. As the condition progresses, symptoms may evolve depending on the severity and underlying cause.

Additional Symptoms Of Acute Pericarditis

In more advanced cases, pericardial thickening may lead to cardiac tamponade — a serious complication characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs, and abdominal bloating. Patients may also feel tightness in the chest, especially when lying down, which often improves when sitting up or leaning forward. Bacterial pericarditis can be accompanied by high fever, pleuritic pain, cough, and generalized weakness, making prompt diagnosis and treatment essential.

Treatment Options Based On Etiology

The management of acute pericarditis begins with identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In cases of tuberculous pericarditis, anti-tuberculosis therapy is necessary. For bacterial infections, timely administration of appropriate antibiotics is crucial to prevent complications. Non-infectious or idiopathic pericarditis is typically managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and in some cases, corticosteroids may be required to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Importance Of Early Intervention

Timely treatment during the acute phase is vital to prevent progression to chronic pericarditis, a condition that often requires surgical intervention such as pericardiectomy. Symptoms like chest tightness and breathlessness should be addressed early to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Close monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are strongly recommended to ensure effective recovery and prevent recurrence.