Rheumatic Pericarditis Causes And What You Need To Know
Rheumatic pericarditis is primarily caused by rheumatic fever, a condition that develops as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated infections caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria. When the body is infected with this type of bacteria, the immune system responds by producing antibodies to fight the infection. However, in some cases, these antibodies mistakenly target the body's own tissues due to molecular mimicry, where the bacterial proteins resemble human proteins. This immune response leads to widespread inflammation and damage to various organs and systems in the body.How Does Rheumatic Fever Lead To Pericarditis?
One of the major complications of rheumatic fever is carditis, which refers to inflammation of the heart. When rheumatic fever affects the pericardium — the thin, double-layered sac that surrounds the heart — it results in a condition known as pericarditis. The pericardium becomes inflamed, causing discomfort and impairing the normal function of the heart. This inflammation can also lead to fluid accumulation between the layers of the pericardium, a condition known as pericardial effusion.
Symptoms And Complications Of Rheumatic Pericarditis
Rheumatic pericarditis is considered one of the more severe manifestations of rheumatic heart disease. Patients often experience intense chest pain, which may worsen with deep breathing or lying down. In more serious cases, cardiac tamponade may occur — a life-threatening condition where excessive fluid buildup around the heart prevents it from functioning properly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term damage and complications.
Prevention And Management
Preventing rheumatic fever is the most effective way to avoid complications like pericarditis. This involves prompt and complete treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics. For those who have already experienced rheumatic fever, long-term antibiotic prophylaxis may be recommended to prevent recurrence. Managing inflammation with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or even immunosuppressive agents may also be necessary in more severe cases.