Can Intense Exercise Cause Pericarditis?

Intense physical activity does not typically lead to pericarditis. The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart. The inner layer, known as the visceral pericardium, works with the fibrous outer layer to form the pericardial cavity. This cavity contains approximately 15–50 ml of serous fluid, which serves to lubricate the heart and reduce friction during heartbeats. Inflammation of the pericardium due to various causes is referred to as pericarditis. Based on its progression, pericarditis can be categorized into different types:

Types Based on Disease Duration

1. Acute Pericarditis:

This type lasts less than six weeks and includes fibrinous pericarditis and exudative pericarditis.

2. Subacute Pericarditis:

Developing over 6 to 18 weeks, this type includes exudative, constrictive, and chronic effusive pericarditis.

3. Chronic Pericarditis:

When symptoms persist for more than three months, it is classified as chronic. It often presents as constrictive, effusive, or adhesive pericarditis.

Types Based on Cause

1. Infectious Pericarditis:

This form of pericarditis can be caused by viral, bacterial, tuberculous, fungal, or other infectious agents.

2. Non-Infectious Pericarditis:

This includes pericarditis associated with conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, uremia, cancer, mucinous adenoma, cholesterol or chylous pericardial effusion, trauma, aortic dissection, radiation therapy, sarcoidosis, rheumatic diseases, vasculitis, and other non-infectious factors. Trauma can also result from surgical procedures or physical injury.

3. Idiopathic Pericarditis:

This occurs when no clear cause can be identified despite thorough medical evaluation.