Rheumatic Pericarditis And Its Affected Areas

Rheumatic pericarditis is now relatively rare, thanks to improved living standards, better nutrition, and the widespread use of antibiotics. This condition primarily affects the pericardium and pleura, often presenting with chest pain localized behind the breastbone or in the front of the chest.

Symptoms And Clinical Presentation

The inflammation associated with rheumatic pericarditis can lead to pericardial effusion. When fluid accumulates to a significant level, it can cause the pericardium to stretch, resulting in increased discomfort. In addition to chest pain, patients may experience difficulty breathing, which tends to worsen with deep inhalation. This is due to the increased tension on the inflamed pleura and pericardium during respiration. Pain often decreases when leaning forward, which reduces the pressure within the chest cavity.

Complications Of Severe Pericardial Effusion

In more severe cases, shortness of breath may be accompanied by fever. If a large amount of fluid accumulates rapidly, it can lead to cardiac tamponade—a serious condition where the heart is compressed, impairing its ability to function properly. This pressure can also extend to nearby lung tissues, causing symptoms such as restlessness, heavy sweating, and a sensation of tightness or pressure in the chest.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in managing rheumatic pericarditis and preventing potentially life-threatening complications. Patients experiencing persistent chest pain or difficulty breathing should seek medical attention promptly.