Can Stomach Ulcers Turn Cancerous?

Understanding the Risk of Malignant Transformation

Stomach ulcers, medically known as gastric ulcers, have the potential to become cancerous if left untreated. These ulcers typically develop in the distal part of the stomach called the antrum, but they can occur in other regions of the stomach as well. Initially, a gastric ulcer may only affect the mucosal and submucosal layers. However, without timely diagnosis and treatment, the ulcer can deepen and spread, increasing the risk of malignant transformation.

Recognizing Early Symptoms is Crucial

If you experience persistent discomfort, especially under the breastbone or in the upper central abdomen after eating, it's important to seek medical attention promptly. A gastroscopy is one of the most effective diagnostic tools for identifying conditions such as gastritis, stomach ulcers, or even precancerous changes. Early detection through endoscopic examination significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and prevents complications.

Importance of Timely and Proper Treatment

When diagnosed early, most gastric ulcers respond well to standard medical therapy, which usually includes proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics if Helicobacter pylori infection is present. This treatment helps the ulcer heal gradually and reduces the likelihood of further complications. However, if treatment is delayed or not followed correctly, the ulcer can worsen—becoming larger and deeper—which increases the chance of malignancy.

What to Do When Ulcers Are Severe

In cases where an ulcer appears large (often greater than 2 cm) or unusually deep during endoscopy, a biopsy is essential to rule out cancer. Detecting any malignant changes at an early stage dramatically improves prognosis and treatment outcomes. Therefore, individuals experiencing symptoms of gastric ulcers should be proactive about their health and undergo appropriate medical evaluation.

In conclusion, while not all stomach ulcers become cancerous, the risk exists, especially with delayed care. Prompt diagnosis and proper management are key to preventing serious complications and ensuring long-term health.