Perforated Peptic Ulcer Symptoms and What You Need to Know

Severe Abdominal Pain Is a Key Indicator

When a peptic ulcer perforates, the most noticeable symptom is intense abdominal pain. Initially, this pain typically starts in the upper abdomen and may feel sharp or stabbing. If left untreated, the discomfort can rapidly spread across the entire abdominal region, often leading to a serious condition known as peritonitis.

Understanding How a Perforated Ulcer Develops

A peptic ulcer occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining of the stomach, especially in the antrum area. Over time, the ulcer can erode deeper into the stomach wall. In more severe cases, it can eventually penetrate through the entire thickness of the stomach lining, causing a perforation.

Dangers of Stomach Contents Entering the Abdominal Cavity

Once the stomach wall is breached, gastric contents—including acidic digestive juices and food particles—can leak into the abdominal cavity. These substances are highly irritating and often carry bacteria, which significantly increases the risk of intra-abdominal infection or peritonitis. This infection further intensifies abdominal pain and can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.

Medical Attention and Treatment Options

The hallmark sign of a perforated ulcer is sudden, severe abdominal pain that does not subside. If someone experiences such symptoms, immediate medical attention is crucial. In most cases, emergency surgery is required to repair the hole in the stomach and clean the abdominal cavity to prevent further infection. Recognizing the signs early and seeking prompt care can greatly improve outcomes for patients with this serious gastrointestinal condition.