Low Blood Pressure Range: Understanding Symptoms and Causes

What exactly defines low blood pressure? Blood pressure naturally fluctuates throughout the day, but it typically stays within a certain range. A normal reading includes a systolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg and a diastolic pressure no lower than 60 mmHg. When blood pressure drops below these levels consistently, it may be classified as hypotension.

Types of Low Blood Pressure

There are two main categories of low blood pressure: physiological and pathological. Physiological hypotension refers to cases where individuals maintain a lower-than-average blood pressure without experiencing any negative symptoms. For example, some healthy individuals may have readings such as 80 mmHg systolic and 50 mmHg diastolic, yet remain completely asymptomatic. This type is commonly seen in slender young women and older adults, and it doesn't result in organ dysfunction or oxygen deprivation.

Symptoms of Pathological Hypotension

On the other hand, pathological hypotension occurs when a medical condition or external factor causes dangerously low blood pressure. Acute cases often come with symptoms like dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, and nausea. These signs typically indicate an underlying issue that requires medical attention.

Common Causes of Chronic Low Blood Pressure

Chronic pathological hypotension can stem from various conditions, including long-term malnutrition, chronic diseases such as constrictive pericarditis, and aortic valve stenosis. Additionally, improper use of medications—especially excessive or incorrect use of antihypertensive drugs—can lead to secondary hypotension. These cases usually involve a sustained drop in blood pressure that affects the body's ability to function normally.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While some people naturally have lower blood pressure without complications, it's important to monitor any changes or new symptoms. If you experience frequent dizziness, fainting, or other warning signs, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to rule out any serious underlying conditions.