Low Blood Pressure: Understanding the Normal Range and Causes

Low blood pressure, medically known as hypotension, is generally diagnosed when systolic blood pressure falls below 90 mmHg and diastolic pressure drops below 60 mmHg. Individuals with low blood pressure may experience symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. In more severe cases, symptoms can progress to vision darkening, fainting, and even loss of consciousness.

Common Causes of Low Blood Pressure

1. Physiological Factors: Some individuals naturally have lower blood pressure without any underlying disease. This is especially common among women and those with a slender build. In such cases, no specific medical treatment is required. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, engaging in regular physical activity, and consuming mild saltwater can help manage symptoms.

Orthostatic Hypotension in the Elderly

Another common physiological cause is orthostatic hypotension, which occurs when blood pressure drops suddenly upon standing up from a lying or sitting position. This condition is more prevalent among older adults. To minimize the risk, seniors should be cautious when changing positions—rising slowly and steadily can help prevent sudden drops in blood pressure.

Medication-Induced Hypotension

2. Drug-Related Causes: Certain medications can lead to low blood pressure as a side effect. These include antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, Parkinson's disease medications, diuretics, and vasodilators. If low blood pressure develops after starting a new medication, it's important to consult a healthcare provider. Adjusting the dosage or switching to an alternative treatment may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and restore normal blood pressure levels.