Low Blood Pressure: Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management

Low blood pressure, medically known as hypotension, is generally defined as a consistent blood pressure reading below 90/60 mmHg. However, diagnosing this condition requires precise and repeated measurements to ensure accuracy. Before taking a blood pressure reading, it is recommended that individuals rest quietly for at least 15 to 30 minutes to allow the body to stabilize and reduce any temporary fluctuations caused by external factors.

Preparing for an Accurate Blood Pressure Reading

During the resting period, it's important to avoid emotional stress, excitement, anxiety, anger, or any sudden physical activity. These emotional and physical states can activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to temporary increases in blood pressure. Additionally, stimulants such as tea, coffee, and tobacco should be avoided prior to measurement.

Substances like caffeine from coffee, theophylline from tea, and nicotine from tobacco can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. This stimulation triggers the release of neurotransmitters that signal the adrenal glands to produce catecholamines—such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. These hormones can elevate both heart rate and blood pressure, which may lead to inaccurate readings if not accounted for.

How to Properly Measure Blood Pressure

Consistency is Key

To obtain a reliable result, blood pressure should be measured at least three times with a few minutes in between each reading. The average of these measurements provides the most accurate representation of your true blood pressure level. If all readings consistently fall below 90/60 mmHg, a diagnosis of hypotension may be considered.

Individuals who consistently measure low blood pressure should seek consultation at a specialized hypertension clinic as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can perform a comprehensive evaluation to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate lifestyle changes or medical interventions if necessary.