Low Diastolic Blood Pressure: What Does It Mean

Diastolic blood pressure, commonly referred to as "low pressure," is primarily maintained by the elastic recoil of the aorta. A normal diastolic reading is typically above 60 mmHg. When it falls below this level, it may indicate certain health conditions that are worth exploring further.

Common Causes of Low Diastolic Pressure

1. Young Women with Naturally Lower Blood Pressure

Some young women naturally have lower blood pressure, including a diastolic reading below 60 mmHg. In such cases, this is usually not a cause for concern unless accompanied by symptoms like dizziness or fatigue. No specific medical intervention is typically needed if the individual feels well and has no other cardiovascular symptoms.

2. Trauma and Significant Blood Loss

A sudden drop in diastolic pressure may signal a serious condition such as internal or external bleeding due to trauma. In these situations, the body loses blood rapidly, which can cause a sharp decline in blood pressure. Immediate medical attention is crucial to identify and stop the source of bleeding and stabilize the patient's condition.

3. Age-Related Vascular Changes

In older adults, the aorta tends to lose its elasticity over time. This results in a condition where systolic pressure (the top number) may be high, while diastolic pressure remains low. This is a common finding in elderly patients and is generally managed by maintaining a healthy average blood pressure to ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs like the brain and heart. There is no direct treatment for isolated low diastolic pressure in this context, but managing systolic pressure is key.

4. Heart Valve Disorders

A severe condition such as aortic valve insufficiency—where the valve doesn't close properly—can lead to a decrease in diastolic pressure. If a doctor detects a heart murmur in the aortic area during a physical exam, further diagnostic tests like an echocardiogram may be recommended. In cases of severe aortic regurgitation, surgical intervention such as valve replacement may be necessary. Following successful surgery, diastolic pressure often returns to normal levels.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While a slightly low diastolic pressure may not always be a problem, persistent readings below 60 mmHg—especially when accompanied by symptoms like lightheadedness, confusion, or chest discomfort—should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for proper management and long-term health.