Understanding Low Blood Pressure: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Blood pressure is measured using two key indicators: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure, often referred to as "high pressure," typically ranges between 90 and 140 mmHg in healthy individuals. When systolic pressure exceeds 140 mmHg, it is classified as hypertension. Diastolic pressure, or "low pressure," normally falls between 60 and 90 mmHg. If diastolic pressure rises above 90 mmHg, it also indicates high blood pressure. Conversely, if systolic pressure drops below 90 mmHg or diastolic pressure falls under 60 mmHg, the condition is diagnosed as hypotension, or low blood pressure.

What Causes Low Blood Pressure?

Physiological Hypotension: Some individuals naturally have lower blood pressure, a condition often seen in women. Blood pressure readings around 90/60 mmHg are common in these cases, and many people experience no symptoms or underlying health issues. Maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and engaging in regular physical activity can help support healthy blood pressure levels.

Medical Conditions Linked to Low Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular Issues: In some cases, low blood pressure results from weakened heart function. When the heart's ability to contract effectively declines, it struggles to maintain adequate blood pressure. This type of hypotension may require medical evaluation and treatment.

Fluid Loss: Significant fluid loss due to excessive sweating, severe diarrhea, or persistent vomiting can lead to a drop in blood pressure. Dehydration reduces blood volume, which in turn lowers blood pressure and can cause dizziness, fatigue, and even fainting.

Managing and Preventing Low Blood Pressure

For individuals with chronic low blood pressure, lifestyle adjustments can make a meaningful difference. Increasing salt intake under medical supervision, wearing compression stockings, and avoiding sudden posture changes can help prevent episodes of dizziness or fainting. Staying well-hydrated and eating small, frequent meals throughout the day may also support stable blood pressure levels.

In summary, understanding what constitutes low blood pressure and recognizing its potential causes is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health. While some people naturally have lower readings without complications, others may need to address underlying medical conditions or lifestyle habits to ensure optimal well-being.