Causes Of Myocardial Ischemia

Myocardial ischemia occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis. This restricts blood flow and leads to insufficient oxygen supply to the heart cells. Common symptoms include chest tightness and chest pain, especially after physical exertion.

Key Factors That Contribute To Myocardial Ischemia

1. Smoking

Smoking is one of the major risk factors for myocardial ischemia. Harmful substances in tobacco smoke, such as nicotine and carbon monoxide, damage the inner lining of blood vessels. This damage promotes inflammation and encourages the buildup of fatty deposits, or plaques, inside the artery walls. As a result, the arteries narrow, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle and increasing the risk of ischemia.

2. Abnormal Blood Lipid Levels

Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides play a significant role in the development of myocardial ischemia. These lipids can injure the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, leading to the accumulation of fatty substances along the arterial walls. Over time, this buildup causes the arteries to harden and narrow—a process known as atherosclerosis—which restricts blood flow to the heart and can trigger ischemic events.

3. Obesity

Obesity is another important risk factor linked to coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia. Excess body weight contributes to metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal lipid levels, all of which accelerate the formation of arterial plaques. In addition, obesity places extra strain on the heart, increasing its oxygen demand while simultaneously impairing the ability of the coronary arteries to deliver sufficient blood flow. This imbalance further heightens the risk of ischemia.