Chronic Gastric Ulcer Complications

Chronic gastric ulcers can lead to serious complications if left untreated. One of the most common and dangerous issues is gastrointestinal bleeding, which occurs when an ulcer erodes into blood vessels within the stomach lining. The stomach wall consists of several layers, including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa, and ulcers typically develop in the antrum — the lower portion of the stomach. This area is particularly susceptible due to its unique structure and function in the digestive process.

Since the stomach has a rich blood supply, ulcers located in this region may involve small veins or arteries. If a blood vessel is damaged, especially a small artery, it can result in significant internal bleeding. Symptoms such as hematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (black, tarry stools) often indicate substantial blood loss and require immediate medical attention.

Another severe complication is perforation, where the ulcer progresses through all layers of the stomach wall, creating a hole that allows stomach contents to leak into the abdominal cavity. This condition, known as a perforated ulcer, can lead to peritonitis — a life-threatening infection of the abdominal lining. Patients experiencing sudden, severe abdominal pain, fever, or signs of shock should seek emergency care without delay.

In summary, chronic gastric ulcers should not be ignored due to the risk of life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment by a qualified healthcare professional are essential to prevent serious outcomes such as excessive bleeding or perforation. If you suspect you have developed complications from a gastric ulcer, it's crucial to visit a hospital promptly for evaluation and management.