Common Causes of Stomach Ulcers

Stomach ulcers are most commonly found in middle-aged and older adults between the ages of 40 and 60. The primary mechanism behind peptic ulcers involves an imbalance between the aggressive factors such as stomach acid and pepsin, and the protective capabilities of the gastric mucosa. Under normal physiological conditions, the lining of the stomach is well protected from the acidic environment. However, when this balance is disrupted, the stomach lining can become damaged and lead to ulcer formation.

Helicobacter pylori infection
One of the leading causes of stomach ulcers is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria that can damage the mucous lining of the stomach and increase the production of stomach acid.

Long-term use of certain medications
Frequent or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate and erode the stomach lining. Other medications like corticosteroids and clopidogrel may also contribute to the development of ulcers, especially when used over long periods or in combination with NSAIDs.

Genetic predisposition
Research indicates that genetics can play a role in the development of gastric ulcers. Individuals with a family history of peptic ulcer disease may be at higher risk, suggesting that inherited traits could influence susceptibility.

Lifestyle and environmental triggers
Additional contributing factors include excessive alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, chronic stress, and irregular eating habits. These elements can weaken the stomach's natural defenses and promote ulcer development.

To support healing and protect the gastric mucosa, it's recommended to consume a diet rich in protein, which aids in tissue repair. Avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, and limiting intake of strong coffee is also essential, as caffeine can stimulate the central nervous system and potentially worsen symptoms. Eating slowly and chewing food thoroughly helps break it down and mix it with saliva, improving digestion and reducing strain on the stomach.