Rheumatic Heart Disease Is Not Usually Hereditary

Rheumatic heart disease is generally not passed down through families. It develops as a result of complications from untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infections, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. These infections are caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria and can lead to acute rheumatic fever, an inflammatory condition that can damage the heart valves.

What Causes Rheumatic Heart Disease?

The primary cause of rheumatic heart disease is a delayed immune response following a streptococcal infection. When the body tries to fight off the bacteria, it may mistakenly attack its own tissues, particularly those in the heart. This autoimmune reaction can cause inflammation and scarring of the heart valves, leading to long-term damage.

Common Valve Damage in Rheumatic Heart Disease

Among the heart valves, the mitral valve is most commonly affected, followed by the aortic valve. Damage can result in valve stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage), both of which impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. Over time, this can lead to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and feet.

Is Rheumatic Heart Disease Hereditary?

Despite some genetic predispositions to autoimmune responses, rheumatic heart disease itself is not considered a hereditary condition. It is classified as a post-infectious, acquired disease rather than a genetic disorder. However, certain individuals may have a higher susceptibility due to inherited immune system traits, but the disease itself does not run directly in families.

Prevention and Management

Preventing rheumatic heart disease starts with early diagnosis and complete treatment of streptococcal infections using antibiotics. For those who have already developed rheumatic fever, long-term antibiotic therapy may be necessary to prevent recurrence. Regular medical check-ups and maintaining good hygiene are also essential in reducing the risk of infection.

In conclusion, while genetics may play a minor role in immune response, rheumatic heart disease is not directly inherited. It is primarily the result of environmental and infectious factors, making prevention and early treatment key to avoiding long-term heart damage.